Such tribological performance of a coating will help to enhance the service life of articulating implants if at high contact pressure the elastic recovery of the hard coating and soft alloy does not differ substantially. TiN coatings applied to orthopedic alloys are well-known materials that positively affect the tribological properties of bone grafts by reducing the coefficient of friction, wear and increasing hardness and scratch resistance. However, these coatings demonstrate insufficient strength and fracture toughness for load-bearing applications in implantology. Therefore, further developments that extend the longevity and bioactivity of these implant materials are needed.įor improving osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity of titanium implants, bioceramic coatings such as nanoclays, hydroxyapatite, and calcium silicate have been utilized. Moreover, the alloy loses biocompatibility if V and Al ions are released in human tissue, because Al can cause neurological diseases while V ions are cytotoxic. Unfortunately, Ti6Al4V alloy, which is most widely used, has low wear resistance and the debris generated during wear accelerates electrochemical reactions between the physiological environment and implant surface.

Īmong metallic implant materials, titanium and its alloys are considered to be the best choice for bone implant applications because of their low modulus of elasticity, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. When nanoscale architecture is combined with underlying rough microstructure, significant improvement in both implant fixation strength and matrix mineralization can be observed. In addition, it was demonstrated that osteoblast cells can detect and respond to different nano-topographical features in vitro. The micron-roughened surface morphology can increase the surface area of the implant and the contact between the implant and host bone.

Therefore, the organization of surface roughness is an important parameter for the contact guidance phenomenon.

The micro-textured implants demonstrate improved osseointegration (direct apposition of bone tissue to the implant) instead of smooth implants by in vivo test. The topography, chemistry, and surface energy also determine cell behavior in contact. The adhesion proteins such as extracellular matrix proteins, cell membrane proteins, and cytoskeleton proteins influence bone tissue cells’ morphology, proliferation, and differentiation. The surface characteristics of the implant material predetermine how the biomolecules absorb to the surface. The results underline the synergetic effect between the sub-micron structure and composition of TiN/TiO 2 coating and microarchitecture obtained by EBM. The coated EBM samples cultured with human osteoblast-like MG63 cells demonstrated increased cell attachment, viability, and bone mineralization activity especially for the AR500-coated alloy, compared to uncoated polished alloy. In phosphate buffer saline, all coated samples showed low corrosion potentials and passivation current densities, confirming their good corrosion protection. Although the nanohardness of the coatings on AR500 and AR850 alloy (approximately 10.45 and 9.02 GPa, respectively) was lower than that measured on the film deposited on AR alloy (about 13.05 GPa), the hybrid surface treatment offered improvement in critical adhesive loads, coefficient of friction, and wear-resistance of the surface. Тhe gradient TiN/TiO 2 films deposited on mechanically polished (AR) and EBM (AR500 and AR850) alloys share the same surface chemistry and composition (almost stoichiometric TiN, anatase and rutile in different ratios) but exhibit different topographies (S a equal to approximately 0.62, 1.73, and 1.08 μm, respectively) over areas of 50 × 50 μm. EBM transformed the α + β Ti6Al4V mixed structure into a single α’-martensite phase. The substrate microtopography consisted of long grooves formed by the liner scan of the electron beam with appropriate frequencies (500 (AR500) and 850 (AR850) Hz). Vacuum cathodic arc TiN coatings with overlaying TiO 2 film were deposited on polished and surface roughened by electron beam modification (EBM) Ti6Al4V alloy.

Ecm titanium 1.73 cracked